Prepositions
Prepositions are usually small words which indicate where, how or sometimes when something is happening.
The case of nouns following prepositions depends on the preposition. The prepositions are best learned in groups then, according to which case they govern!
Prepositions governing the ACCUSATIVE case only
bis | till, as far as |
durch | through, by |
entlang* (comes after the noun!) | along |
für | for, by |
gegen | against |
ohne | without |
um | round |
wider | against (suggests hostility) |
Er bleibt bis nächsten Montag - He is staying until next Monday
Sie ging durch den Wald - She walked through the forest
Er fuhr die Straße entlang - He drove along the street
Nina arbeitet für ihn. - Nina works from him
Gegen acht Uhr - About 8 o'clock
Er tat es wider meinen Willen - He did it against my will
Er kam ohne mich - He came without me
Sie saßen um den Tisch - They were sitting around the table
Prepositions governing the GENITIVE only
(an)statt | instead of |
trotz | in spite of |
um....willen | for the sake of |
während | during |
wegen | because of |
außerhalb | outside |
innerhalb | inside |
oberhalb | above |
unterhalb | below |
Statt meines Bruders - Instead of my brother
Trotz des schlechten Wetters - In spite of the bad weather
Um meiner Schwester willen. - For my sister's sake.
Während der Ferien - During the holidays
Wegen seines Vaters - Because of his dad
Außerhalb der Stadt - Outside the town
Innerhalb eines Monats - Inside a month
Prepositions governing the DATIVE only
aus | out of |
außer | outside, except |
bei | near, at the house of |
mit | with |
nach | to, after, according to |
seit | since, for (length of time) |
zu | to, at |
gegenüber | opposite |
von | from, of, by |
Er lief aus dem Haus - He ran out of the house
Es ist aus Gold - It is made of gold
Keiner außer ihm - Nobody except him
Er wohnt bei mir - He is living at my house
dem Rathaus gegenüber - opposite the town hall
mit dem Zug - by train
Ich fahre nach Bath - I'm going to Bath
Seinem Brief nach ist er krank - According to his letter he is ill
Seit einem Jahr wohnt er in London - He has been living in London for a year
von Zeit zu Zeit - From time to time
Er ging zum (zu + dem) Arzt - He went to the doctor
Sie geht zu Bett - She is going to bed
Prepositions governing the ACCUSATIVE or the DATIVE
These prepositions govern the accusative when there is movement implied. They govern the dative when there is no movement.
an | by, on, at, to |
auf | on |
hinter | behind |
in | in, into |
neben | beside, near |
über | over, above |
unter | under |
vor | in front of, before |
zwischen | between |
For example:
Der Arzt geht in das Zimmer - The doctor goes into the room. (Movement = acc after 'in')
Der Arzt arbeitet in dem Zimmer - The doctor is working in the room. (No movement = dative after 'in')
The dog runs under the table. (Movement = acc after unter)
The dog is asleep under the table. (No movement = dative after unter)
Movement (accusative) | Rest (dative) | ||
Wohin? | Whereto? | Wo? | Where? |
Ich gehe in das (ins) Büro | I go into the office | Ich bin im (in dem) Büro | I am in the office |
Er hängt den Matel an die Wand | He hangs his coat onto the wall | Der Mantel hängt an der Wand | The coat is hanging on the wall |
Die Katze springt auf den Tisch | The cat jumps onto the table | Die Katze liegt auf dem Tisch | The cat is lying on the table |
Das Auto fährt vor das Haus | The car drives in front of the house | Das Auto wartet vor dem Haus | The car is waiting in front of the house |
Der Seeman segelt über die See | The sailor sails over the sea | Der Himmel ist über der See | The sky is above the sea |
Sie setzt sich neben den Doktor | She sits down next to the doctor | Sie sitzt neben dem Doktor | She is sitting next to the doctor |
Der Kellner stellt den Tisch zwischen die zwei Damen | The waiter puts the table between the two ladies | Der Tisch steht zwischen dem Stuhl und der Wand | The table is between the chair and the wall |
Er ging ans (an das) Fenster | He went to the window | Er steht an der Tür | He is stood at the door |
Die Schüler laufen hinter dem Kino | The school kids run behind the cinema | Die Schüler rauchen hinter dem Kino | The school kids are smoking behind the cinema |